基于变结构控制理论的导弹平滑导引律研究

针对导弹采用变结构导引律攻击机动目标时,容易引起视线角速率的抖动现象,基于变结构控制理论,提出了一种设计简单、具有较好鲁棒性及准确性的平滑导引律。该导引律设计主要通过引入双曲正切函数,消除了攻击导弹的视线倾角增量变化律的抖动现象。通过仿真结果说明:在相同的攻击时间内,对比于比例导引律、变结构导引律,该导引律明显地减小攻击导弹的脱靶量,验证了该导引律的有效性。     

可压缩流动转捩的迭代求解

本文叙述了高速可压缩边办流动稳定性和转捩点预报的数值计算方法，特别是Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ反迭代法与边界层渐近匹配方法的配合，有效地提高了计算精度，节省了存储和计算时间，本文给出的评定界层第一模式的稳定性分析和转捩区数值预报结果，与已有的实验结果一致。     

高超声速内转式进气道型面流场重构

内转式进气道流场参数分布不均，为改善该类进气道的气动性能，本文采用数值仿真方法开展了基于型面的内转式进气道流场重构研究。结果表明：流场重构型面中心线对进气道流场结构及流动特性影响较大，在给定偏距/长度与中心线末端斜率的约束条件下，选取合适的中心线起始角能够大幅提高进气道的气动性能，改善流场参数分布。与进气道原型方案相比，流场重构型面中心线10°起始角的进气道方案总压恢复系数、抗反压能力最大分别提升33.7%、26.4%，自起动马赫数下降1.1。随着流场重构型面中心线起始角增大，唇罩激波/侧壁边界层干扰诱发的流向涡减弱、流向涡传输轨迹向唇罩一侧偏移，低能流向唇罩两侧迁移趋势增强。在研究范围内，随着流场重构型面中心线起始角增大，隔离段出口总压恢复系数先增大后减小，自起动马赫数先下降后不变。     

A combined application of micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction in a high-load compressor cascade

In the current study, the effects of a combined application between micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction on the flow characteristics of a high-load compressor cascade are investigated. The micro-vortex generator with a special configuration and the longitudinal suction slot are adopted. The calculated results show that a reverse flow region, which is considered the main reason for occurring stall at 7.9° incidence, grows and collapses rapidly near the leading edge and leads to two critical points occurring on the end-wall with the increasing incidence in the baseline. As the micro-vortex generator is introduced in the baseline cascade, the corner separation is switched to a trailing edge separation by the thrust from the induced vortex. Meanwhile, the occurrence of failure is delayed due to the mixed low energy fluid and main flow. The synergistic effects between the micro-vortex generator and the boundary layer suction on the performance of the cascade are superior to the baseline at all the incidence conditions before the occurrence of failure, and the sudden deterioration of the cascade occurs at 10.3° incidence. The optimal results show that the farther upstream suction position, the lower total pressure loss of the cascade with vortex generator at the near stall condition. Moreover, the induced vortex with a leg can migrate the accumulated low energy fluid backward to delay the occurrence of stall.     

基于风场环境利用的平流层浮空器区域驻留关键问题研究进展

基于风场环境利用的平流层浮空器继承高空气球结构简单、技术成熟、快速响应、使用效费比高等特点，通过引入控制设计，克服轨迹控制和高度控制等方面的局限，具备一定的飞行轨迹规划和区域驻留能力，是当前临近空间飞行器发展的重要方向。本文基于对典型项目的调研分析，梳理了基于风场环境利用的平流层浮空器在区域驻留应用中的关键技术，重点讨论了风场感知与建模、风场利用方法、轨迹规划与决策等核心问题的研究现状，对现有方案进行深入分析，从实际应用的角度探讨了相关技术难题的可行解决方案。     

高超声速边界层转捩高速纹影显示

为建立适用于激波风洞边界层转捩测量的高速纹影显示技术，在Ma10条件下，采用高速纹影显示技术，研究了半锥角7°钝锥边界层中第二模态不稳定波的演变特性。试验在中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所(HAI)的FD-14激波风洞上进行。试验来流单位雷诺数为4.9×10 6 m -1 、1.6×10 7m -1 ，模型攻角0°，头部钝度有0.2 mm、0.5 mm和2 mm三种。通过对纹影图像灰度进行功率谱密度(PSD)分析得到了第二模态不稳定波的波长，对不稳定波纹影图像进行互相关分析计算了不稳定波的传播速度。基于纹影显示结果计算的第二模态波主频与PCB压力传感器测量结果符合较好，证明了纹影测量的可靠性。     

激波风洞边界层转捩测量技术及应用

高超声速边界层转捩对摩阻、传热等有重要影响。在高超声速飞行器研制中，迫切希望能精确预测和控制边界层转捩。激波风洞作为高超声速气动热环境试验的主要地面模拟设备，是研究高超声速边界层转捩的重要设备。但激波风洞原有测量技术适用于工程型号试验，需要依据高超声速边界层转捩特点进行适应性改造和升级。依据高超声速边界层转捩过程中的热流、压力、密度等物理参数变化，发展了薄膜热流传感器测热技术、温敏热图测量技术、高频脉动压力测量技术、高清晰度纹影显示技术等适用于激波风洞的边界层转捩测量技术。并针对头部钝度0.05 mm的半锥角7°尖锥模型，在中国空气动力研究与发展中心Ø2 m激波风洞（FD-14A）马赫数10、单位雷诺数1.2×10⁷/m的流场条件下开展了边界层转捩试验。采用多种转捩测量技术同时进行测量，获得尖锥模型表面边界层转捩情况、边界层脉动压力频谱特征、边界层内清晰的第2模态波和湍流斑纹影图像，不同测量技术获取的试验结果可相互印证，线性稳定性理论分析结果与试验结果相吻合。     

Modeling PSBL high speed ion beams observed by Cluster and Double Star

On October 8, 2004, the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft crossed the near-Earth (12–19 R_E) magnetotail neutral sheet during the recovery phase of a small, isolated substorm. Although they were separated in distance by ∼7 R_E and in time by ∼30 min, both Cluster and Double Star observed steady, but highly structured Earthward moving >1000 km/s high speed H⁺ beams in the PSBL. This paper utilizes a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation driven by Wind spacecraft solar wind input to model the large-scale structure of the PSBL and large-scale kinetic (LSK) particle tracing calculations to investigate the similarities and differences in the properties of the observed beams. This study finds that the large-scale shape of the PSBL is determined by the MHD configuration. On smaller scales, the LSK calculations, in good qualitative agreement with both Cluster and Double Star observations, demonstrated that the PSBL is highly structured in both time and space, on time intervals of less than 2 min, and spatial distances of the order of 0.2–0.5 R_E. This picture of the PSBL is different from the ordered and structured region previously reported in observations.     

Formation and characteristics of low latitude boundary layer

Characteristics of low latitude boundary layer (LLBL) of the Earth’s magnetosphere are investigated using data of Interball/Tail probe observations. The role of different processes of LLBL formation is discussed. The high level of magnetosheath turbulence is taken into account. It is shown that the turbulent nature of magnetic field and plasma fluctuations in the magnetosheath is one of the main factors determining the structure of LLBL. The results of Interball/Tail probe observations of the event 9 March 1996 are analyzed. The thickness of LLBL is determined for the number of cases. The change of LLBL thickness under the influence of the changes of solar wind parameters is investigated. It is shown that variability of solar wind conditions can be the important factor controlling LLBL thickness. Results of observations are compared with the theory which explains the value of LLBL thickness as the result of plasma transport inside the magnetosphere. It is shown that the theory gives the qualitative explanation of the observed dependence of LLBL thickness on solar wind parameters.     

体育场内场风环境模拟实验研究

体育场内场风环境是建筑设计者和体育工作者非常重视和关心的问题，因为它涉及到运动成绩被承认与否和体育比赛的效果。本文针对浙江省黄龙体育中心体育场的建筑结构特点，对其内场逝地面的风场进行了测量，采用空气动力学实验中经常使用的热线风速仪和烟线示踪法对各种不同风向角条件下，外场风在现体育场结构方案中对场为的影响，显示内场风场的变化。对体育场建成后的使用，提出风影响预报。可以避免今后由于风作用而产生不利影响